CONTENTS
Plates = xi
Figures = xxv
Maps = xxvii
Tables = xxix
Preface = xxxi
Introduction = 1
CHAPTER 1
Writing = 17
Embryo Writing = 17
Systems and Stages = 19
The Ancestors of Western Script = 26
CHAPTER 2
The Alphabet = 45
Principle and System = 45
Diffusion of the Alphabet = 54
CHAPTER 3
The Book in the Ancient World : Mesopotamia = 63
History of Mesopotamia : Summer, Assyria, Babylonia = 64
Books : Materials and Techniques = 66
Literature = 73
Ilustration = 75
Scribes = 75
Colophons = 79
CHAPTER 4
The Egyptian Book = 81
History and Evidence = 81
Materials = 82
Scrolls = 90
Titles and Colophons = 91
Literature = 93
Illustrations = 94
Scribes = 96
CHAPTER 5
The Hebrew Book = 101
History = 103
Materials = 108
The Makeing of a Torah Scroll = 115
Scribes = 117
Books Other than the Torah = 118
Development of the Hebrew Codex : The Middle Ages = 121
Adornment and Illumination of Hebrew Manuscripts = 129
CHAPTER 6
The Greek and Hellenistic Book = 139
History and Evidence for the Book = 139
Material = 142
The Writing of a Scroll = 147
Readers and Scribes = 149
Colophons = 152
Literature = 153
Hellenism and the Book = 155
Parchment = 156
CHAPTER 7
The Roman Book = 159
History and Literature = 159
Materials = 164
Publishers, Scirbes, and Readers = 168
Education = 171
From Scroll to Codex = 173
CHAPTER 8
Latin Script = 177
Capitals = 177
Cursive Scripts = 182
Uncials = 182
Minuscules = 184
Gothic Script = 191
Humanistic Script = 194
Calligraphy after the Invention of Printing = 198
CHAPTER 9
Codices Manu Script : Books Written by Hand = 205
The Monastery and Literary Tradition = 205
Materials = 210
Design and Preparation of the Codex = 218
The Scribe = 223
Colophons = 224
The Artist = 224
Woment and Books = 226
The Late Middle Ages = 227
Sources of Manuscripts = 229
CHAPTER 10
Manuscript Illumination = 231
Methodology = 231
Early Christian and Byzantine Manuscripts = 233
Hiberno - Saxon = 241
Carolingian Renaissance = 244
Ottonian = 249
Romanesque = 251
Gothic = 253
CHAPTER 11
The Islamic Book = 261
Materials : Papyrus, Parchment, and Paper = 261
Tools, Ink, and Paint = 264
Format = 266
Literature = 267
Script and Scribes = 268
Illustration = 272
CHAPTER 12
Papermaking = 283
From the Far East to the Near East = 283
Spain = 287
Italy = 288
European Methods = 289
New Raw Materials = 294
Innovations = 295
CHAPTER 13
Bookbinding = 301
Technique : Forwarding = 301
Finishing = 308
History = 308
CHAPTER 14
On the Eve of Printing = 327
Block Printing in the Far East and Near East = 328
Block Printing in Europe = 331
Block Books = 334
Bibligraphy = 341
Index = 351